FFU风机过滤单元选型核心：合规、节能、适配性（中英文）

要点总结

Key Takeaways

• 选择合适的风机过滤单元（FFU）有助于创建稳定的气流，并支持洁净室达到性能目标。

• HEPA 和 ULPA 过滤器各有优势，因此选择合适的过滤器取决于ISO等级和工艺需求。

• 天花板高度、电机类型和能耗都会对选择适合空间和长期规划的FFU产生重大影响。

• Choosing the right fan filter unit helps you create consistent airflow and support your cleanroom’s performance goals.

• HEPA and ULPA filters each offer unique benefits, so picking the right one depends on your ISO class and process needs.

• Ceiling height, motor type, and energy use all play a big role in selecting an FFU that fits your space and long-term plans.

洁净室依靠精确、稳定且可控的气流来维持对敏感作业所需的颗粒物标准，这是其基本原理。该系统的核心是风机过滤单元（FFU），它负责将空气吸入并经过高效空气微粒过滤器（HEPA）或超高效空气微粒过滤器（ULPA）过滤，从而为整个房间提供洁净、均匀的气流。

对于生物技术、半导体制造、航空航天和制造等行业的公司而言，FFU直接影响污染控制、能源消耗、声学舒适度和长期运营成本。

Cleanrooms rely on precise, consistent, and controlled airflow to maintain the particle standards required for sensitive work, a principle that Modulus Cleanrooms emphasises across every project they deliver.

For companies in industries like biotechnology, semiconductor production, aerospace, and advanced manufacturing, the FFU directly affects contamination control, energy consumption, acoustic comfort, and long-term operating costs. And because California facilities must also consider seismic safety, energy regulations, and diverse building types, the selection process becomes even more critical.

什么是风机过滤单元 (FFU)？它为何如此重要？

What Is an FFU and Why Does It Matter

风机过滤单元（FFU）是一种独立的空气过滤模块，通常安装在洁净室的天花板上。它包含风机、高效过滤器（HEPA 或 ULPA）、预过滤器和外壳。FFU将空气吸入，先经过预过滤器，再经过最终过滤介质，然后将洁净空气向下（或水平）排放到受控空间。

在洁净室中，目标是维持精确的空气质量标准（通常由ISO 14644-1标准定义）。FFU是输送洁净空气的终端设备，其选择会影响气流均匀性、颗粒物计数、能耗、噪音、天花板高度要求，并最终影响运行成本和性能。

A fan filter unit (FFU) is a self-contained air-filtration module, typically installed in the ceiling of a cleanroom. It houses a fan, a high-efficiency filter (HEPA or ULPA), pre-filters, and a housing. The FFU draws air through the pre-filter, then through the final filtration media, and discharges clean air downward (or horizontally) into the controlled space.

In a cleanroom, your goal is to maintain a precise air-quality standard (often defined by ISO 14644-1). The FFU is the terminal device that delivers that clean air, and its selection affects airflow uniformity, particle counts, energy consumption, noise, ceiling height requirements, and ultimately your operating cost and performance.

关键性能和设计考量因素

Key Performance and Design Considerations

在比较FFU时，除了尺寸和价格之外，还应考虑其他因素。一些最重要的因素包括：

When comparing FFUs, evaluate more than size or price. Some of the most important factors include:

过滤效率/介质类型

Filtration Efficiency/Media Type

FFU（空气流过滤单元）内部的过滤器可以是HEPA（高效空气微粒过滤器）或ULPA（超低颗粒空气过滤器）。HEPA过滤器可捕获99.97%的≥0.3 µm的颗粒，而ULPA过滤器可捕获小至0.12 µm的颗粒，过滤效率高达99.999%。所需的过滤器取决于洁净室等级和相关工艺流程。对于生物技术等高度监管的行业，ULPA过滤器可能是更佳选择。

The filter inside the FFU may be HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) or ULPA (Ultra Low Particulate Air). HEPA filters capture 99.97% of particles ≥0.3 µm, while ULPA filters capture particles as small as 0.12 µm with efficiencies up to 99.999%. The required filter depends on your cleanroom class and the processes involved. For highly regulated industries like biotech, ULPA filters may be the better option.

风量和风速

Airflow Capacity and Velocity

风机盘管装置（FFU）必须提供足够的风量和均匀的风速，以达到所需的每小时换气次数 (ACH) 和层流速度。在高等级洁净室中，可能需要300至600 ACH或更高的换气次数。风机盘管装置的尺寸应确保天花板龙骨覆盖范围和风速符合设计要求。

An FFU must deliver enough airflow and uniform velocity to achieve the required air changes per hour (ACH) and laminar flow velocity. In high-grade cleanrooms, you may need 300 to 600 ACH or more. The FFU should be sized to ensure the ceiling grid coverage and air velocity align with your design requirements.

外形和物理尺寸

Profile and Physical Dimensions

天花板高度和通风管道深度至关重要。部分风机盘管的标准外壳深度约为350毫米，而低矮型风机盘管的深度约为200毫米或更浅。

Ceiling height and plenum depth are critical. Some FFUs have standard housings around 350 mm deep, while low-profile versions are about 200 mm or less.

电机、风机、控制系统和能耗

Motor, Fan, Controls, and Energy Consumption

由于除尘器通常连续运行，因此能效至关重要。现代除尘器采用电子换向（EC）电机或变速驱动器，可根据需求或过滤器负载调节风机转速，从而降低能耗。噪音和振动控制也十分重要，尤其是在洁净室靠近办公室或精密仪器的情况下。

Because FFUs often run continuously, energy efficiency matters. Modern FFUs use electronically-commutated (EC) motors or variable-speed drives that adjust fan speed based on demand or filter load, reducing energy usage. Noise and vibration control are also important, especially if the cleanroom is near offices or sensitive instruments.

安装与维护

Installation and Maintenance

安装和滤芯更换的便捷性会影响停机时间和生命周期成本。有些过滤器更换单元（FFU）允许在室内更换滤芯，而有些则需要从上方进行操作。选择合适的设计有助于保持清洁度和效率。

Ease of installation and filter replacement affects downtime and lifecycle cost. Some FFUs allow room-side filter replacement, while others require overhead access. Choosing the right design helps maintain cleanliness and efficiency.

类型和比较：哪种 FFU 适合洁净室？

Types and Comparisons: Which FFU Fits Your Cleanroom?

标准型风机盘管与低型风机盘管

Standard Profile vs. Low-Profile FFUs

标准型风机盘管可提供高风量，是层高充足的空间的理想选择。而低矮型风机盘管则更适合层高受限的改造项目。例如，在层高8英尺（约2.4米）的洁净室中，低型风机盘管既能满足性能需求，又能保持足够的净空高度。

Standard-profile FFUs deliver high airflow and are ideal for spaces with ample ceiling height. Low-profile FFUs, however, are better for retrofit projects where height is limited. For instance, in a cleanroom with an 8-foot ceiling, a low-profile FFU maintains adequate clearance while meeting performance needs.

HEPA和ULPA过滤器的过滤单元（FFU）对比

HEPA vs. ULPA Filter FFUs

对于一般装配洁净室（ISO 7-8级），HEPA过滤通常就足够了。而对于更高等级的洁净室（ISO 4-5级），例如半导体工厂，则通常需要使用ULPA过滤器。虽然ULPA过滤器价格更高，但它能降低污染风险，并且在高精度应用中可能带来更好的长期收益。

For general assembly cleanrooms (ISO 7 – 8), HEPA filtration is usually sufficient. For higher-grade cleanrooms (ISO 4 – 5), such as semiconductor facilities, ULPA filters are often required. Although more expensive, ULPA units reduce contamination risk and may offer a better long-term return in high-precision applications.

模块化和可扩展的FFU与固定容量单元

Modular and Scalable FFUs vs. Fixed-Capacity Units

如果工厂预计会扩建或改变布局，请选择模块化FFU。这些单元允许区域控制，并且无需昂贵的重新配置即可实现未来的扩展。固定容量单元的灵活性较差，扩展难度也更大。

If your facility is expected to grow or change layouts, opt for modular FFUs. These units allow zone control and future expansion without costly reconfiguration. Fixed-capacity units are less flexible and harder to scale.

如何为洁净室选择合适的空气处理单元 (FFU)

How to Select the Right FFU for Your Cleanroom

以下是做出选择的步骤指南：

• 确定洁净室等级和工艺需求：确定ISO洁净度等级、气流要求和工艺敏感性。这些因素将决定所需的过滤效率和气流速率。

• 计算气流和覆盖范围：确定洁净室所需的总风量，并计算维持均匀气流分布所需的FFU数量。

• 评估天花板和静压箱空间：测量可用的静压箱深度并检查结构支撑。选择适合天花板龙骨并符合性能标准的FFU尺寸和安装方式。

• 选择过滤器和电机类型：在HEPA或ULPA过滤器之间进行选择，并选择节能型EC电机或变速控制器以降低运行成本。

• 规划维护和使用寿命：选择易于更换过滤器且维护通道清晰的设备。考虑未来的服务需求和备件供应情况。

• 评估总拥有成本：比较不同型号时，不仅要考虑购置成本，还要考虑能源消耗、过滤器更换、维护和停机时间。

Here’s a step-by-step guide to making an informed choice:

• Define Cleanroom Class and Process Needs: Determine your ISO cleanliness level, airflow requirements, and process sensitivities. These define the needed filter efficiency and airflow rate.

• Calculate Airflow and Coverage: Determine the total air volume your cleanroom needs and calculate how many FFUs are required to maintain uniform air distribution.

• Assess Ceiling and Plenum Space: Measure available plenum depth and check structural supports. Choose an FFU size and mounting method that fits your ceiling grid and meets performance standards.

• Choose Filter and Motor Type: Select between HEPA or ULPA filters, and choose energy-efficient EC motors or variable-speed controls for lower operational costs.

• Plan for Maintenance and Longevity: Choose units with easy filter replacement and clear maintenance access. Consider future service needs and spare-part availability.

• Evaluate Total Cost of Ownership: Include not just purchase cost, but also energy use, filter changes, maintenance, and downtime when comparing models.

避免常见错误

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Many cleanroom builders make these avoidable errors:

• 选择过少的风机单元（FFU）会导致气流不畅和不符合规范。

• 忽略天花板高度限制会导致昂贵的重新设计费用。

• 未采用变速风机，导致无法实现长期节能。

• 选择的过滤器过于基础，无法满足未来洁净室升级的需求。

• 未考虑维护通道或当地建筑规范。

• 低估供应商和技术支持的价值。

• Choosing too few FFUs results in poor airflow and compliance failures.

• Ignoring ceiling-height restrictions leads to expensive redesigns.

• Skipping variable-speed fans and losing long-term energy savings.

• Selecting filters that are too basic for future cleanroom upgrades.

• Failing to account for maintenance access or local building codes.

• Underestimating the value of supplier and technical support.

结语

Final Thoughts

理想的空气处理单元（FFU）应在气流、能源效率和维护便捷性之间取得平衡，同时符合洁净室的ISO等级、运行目标和法规。通过了解关键因素，例如过滤效率、气流设计、电机类型和合规性，可以做出有利于长期可靠性和成本节约的选择。

The ideal FFU balances airflow, energy efficiency, and ease of maintenance while aligning with your cleanroom’s ISO class, operational goals, and regulations. By understanding the critical factors, such as filter efficiency, airflow design, motor type, and compliance, you can make a choice that supports long-term reliability and cost savings.